Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Nicotinamide counteracts Rotenone-induced mitochondrial and neuronal dysfunction in a translational early-life model

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36651-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pre and post synaptic vesicles number and colocalization is impaired by Rotenone (Rot) 1.325nM treatment and improved by Nicotinamide (NAM) 10µM pretreatment. Pictures were taken in 4 fields for each culture with a 40x objective in a Zeiss LM800 confocal microscope. Scale bar with 20 μm. ( A ) Representative image of localization of the proteins DAPI (blue), PSD-95 (green), and Synaptophysin (red) in addition to its colocalization (purple) for the groups Vehicle, Rot 1.325nM, NAM 10µM and NAM 10µM + Rot 1.325nM. ( B ) Pearson’s correlation index indicates the colocalization between PSD-95 and Synaptophysin. ( C ) Number of Synaptophysin vesicles/cells. ( D ) Number of PSD-95 vesicles/cell. Results normalized by vehicle group and shown as mean ± standard error ( N = 3, in duplicate; each dot represent a biological replicate). Statistical analysis performed by ANOVA One-Way with Bonferroni posthoc. It was considered statistically significant p < 0.05; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Cells were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against synaptophysin (1:100; Cell Signaling, cat. 36406) and PSD-95 (1:100; Cell Signaling, cat. 36233).

Techniques: Microscopy